Moses and Exodus: session 3
13 But Moses said to God, ‘If I come to the Israelites and say to them, “The God of your ancestors has sent me to you”, and they ask me, “What is his name?” what shall I say to them?’ 14God said to Moses, ‘I am who I am.’ He said further, ‘Thus you shall say to the Israelites, “I am has sent me to you.” ’ 15God also said to Moses, ‘Thus you shall say to the Israelites, “The Lord, the God of your ancestors, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has sent me to you”:
This is my name for ever, and this my title for all generations.
Exodus 3: 13-15 (NRSV)
Thinking about names
Up to this point in the Old Testament God has been given various names, which in Hebrew begin with El-. From here, God is usually referred to by the sacred Tetragrammaton YHVH (we translate this as Jehovah, or Jahweh. (JHVH is used in one instance in Genesis). ‘I am who I am’ or ‘I will be what I will be’.
Consider: what information does a name convey?
What sort of information might you deduce from these examples? (You might be misled though . . .)
- Peter Baker; Mark Taylor; Alice Cartwright;
- Marie Curie; Magnus Magnusson; Dmitri Mendeleev;
- David Evans; Catherine MacPherson; Mary O’Reilly;
- Catherine Bradford; David York; Colin Chester;
- William Rees-Mogg; Louis McCarthy-Scarsbrook; Jane DeMontfort.
Old Testament names for God (other than just YHVH)
The names beginning with El- were names allocated by humans.
Don’t worry about pronouncing the Hebrew names.
Name in Hebrew | Translates as | Where it occurs | How often? |
El Shaddai | Lord God Almighty | Genesis | 7 |
El Elyon | The God Most High | Genesis and Psalms | 28 |
Adonai | Lord, Master | Isaiah, Ezekiel & other prophets
Once in Genesis |
434 |
Yahweh | Lord (‘Jehovah’) | Once in Genesis, from Exodus onwards | 6519 |
Jehovah Nissi | The Lord my Banner | Exodus | 1 |
Jehovah-Raah | The Lord my Shepherd | Genesis, Psalms | 4 |
Jehovah Rapha | The Lord that Heals | Exodus | 1 |
Jehovah Shammah | The Lord is There | Exodus | 1 |
Jehovah Tsidkenu | The Lord Our Righteousness | Jeremiah | 2 |
Jehovah Mekoddishkem | The Lord Who Sanctifies You | Exodus, Leviticus | 2 |
El Olam | The Everlasting God, The God of Eternity, The God of the Universe, The God of Ancient Days | Genesis, Jeremiah, Isaiah | 3 |
Elohim | God (Judge, Creator) | Genesis onwards | >2000 |
Qanna | Jealous | Exodus, Deuteronomy | 6 |
Jehovah Jireh | The Lord will Provide | Genesis | 1 |
Jehovah Shalom | The God of Peace | Judges | 1 |
Jehovah Sabaoth | The Lord of Hosts, The Lord of Powers | Mostly Jeremiah & Isaiah, also 1 Samuel & Psalms | 285 |
Reflecting on names for God
Which titles for God are used at different phases in Jewish history (in English)?
- In Genesis (up to BCE 1600): (e.g. Almighty)
- In Exodus/Deuteronomy/Numbers/Leviticus (BCE 1300 - BCE 1200):
- In the historical books (Joshua/Judges/Ruth/1 & 2 Samuel/1& 2 Kings (BCE 1200-BCE 600)
- In Psalms (mostly BCE 1000-BCE 900):
- In the prophetic books (Jeremiah, Isaiah, Ezekiel) (BCE 800 - BCE 550):
Has the Hebrew concept of God been consistent over time?
Titles you would use for God
God the Father: which 3 titles would you choose to describe God the Father?
God the Son (Jesus): which 3 titles would you choose to describe Jesus?
God the Spirit: which 3 titles would you choose to describe the Holy Spirit?